WELCOME In ART BUSINESS!

VOSPOMINANIYa AMERICAN GALERISTA

From the book Vladimira Vissona " Destiny to live by art ", Moscow RValent 2002
$ 6 000 for "apple"
I grow, being is absolutely sure that the art as is necessary for the man, as the meal and pit'e, and that without him(it) life will lose the riches and completeness, as a colour picture reproduced in a black-and-white photo. As it is heavy to me it to recognize, but the work in "Uildensteyne" has proved to me, that the art today is a part of the large business, and the business world considers(counts) as his(its) same object of capital investment, as the real estate and actions(share). The art world consider(examine) as the market, which fluctuations are less predicted, than price of the actions(shares) for municipal services, bond or interest rates for ipoteki '. To me was sick to see, that the painting is perceived so, and it is heavy to support contacts to the people, which estimated her(it) in a similar way. Art and business are in complex(difficult) mutual relation: First, the art world has own internal rules of sale and purchase, commercial communications(connections) and price policy(politics), and, secondly, exists constantly growing vzaimovliyanie between art and business. Since 1950 years I observed drama changes in a situation in the art-market in USA. Today it seems ridiculous, but in 1907 Rodgher Fray, curator of a museum the Underground, has undergone obval'noy to criticism that has got " Madam Sharpant'e with children " Renuara for the sum more than 20 thousand dollars, which then was considered shockingly overestimated. Now anybody and eye would not blink, if this bargain has done without in some millions. During 20 centuries cost of art products steadily grew. The beginning of the present boom in sphere of art and era of the inflated prices ascends by April 14, 1952, when there passed sale of a collection Gabrielya of Cognac in the Parisian gallery "Sharpant'e". This auction has brought the unprecedented income in 860 thousand dollars, basically from sale of the French cloths *** of century. For " Natyurmort with fourteen apples " Sezanna was paid 82 thousand dollars, or, as is witty has noted art kritik, almost till 6 thousand dollars for an apple ^ It was only by beginning. To. 1961 of figure have made jump from thousand to millions. In the auction house " Park Bern " a museum the Underground has got rembrandtovskogo " Aristotelya with a bust Gomera " behind 2,3 million. The race typed(collected) speed. Leonardo yes Vinchi cost to the Washington National gallery more than 5 millions. The alive artist began to be appreciated the same as the deceased, and " the Light-blue poles " Dgheksona Polloka were bought by the Australian national gallery behind 2 million. The list of similar reassessments of canvases of the old and modern foremen can be continued. All these million bargains received wide publicity in press, for kotoroi the value of a work of art was expressed, first of all, in dollars. Speaking words M.Yu.Lermontova, " vs yo it would be ridiculous, when would not be so sadly ". Boom in the art market and rise of the prices in podnebes'e were caused by quickly increased interest to art of wide layers of a society(community) growing tendency among a part of the businessmen and speculators to consider(examine) great products as the reliable investments and good protection against inflation. Besides the tax laws stipulated, that than cost, above real or specified at examination, of a picture, the is more than tax deductions the owner after transfer of a cloth p will receive a museum ^. In result the painting of high quality began to use huge demand, and as available products of the known artists, and is especial of masterpieces of the old foremen, which wrote a little, was obviously unsufficiently to satisfy demand, the prices rose is unpredictable and astronomically. This or that cloth, which I knew and loved twenty years back, when nobody wanted it(him) to get, became unexpected voghdelennoy by the purpose of capital investment.

(From the book " Modern art " publishing house "Premiere", "Astrel'" 2001g.)
the Art-dealers (dealers by works of art, intermediaries) The dealer, as a rule, takes away one third of a sale price of a work of art. Thus they brad even (rent of gallery, advertising etc.) and earn on life. Than above price of product, the more income of the dealer, therefore intermediaries try to nominate as it is possible higher price.
Auctions Before sale of a work of art from auction the experts estimate it(him) and nominate the starting price. Nevertheless, the result of auction tenders is always unpredictable. The little-known work Van Goga " a Portrait of the doctor Gashe " was submitted to May 15, 1990 on auction "Kristis" in New York. Many were sure, that the decline reigned in that time in the market of art, will prevent vzvinchivaniyu of the price predicted by the experts. What general surprise was, when the picture was sold behind 82,5 million dollars twice above predskazyvaemoy of the price! f How the price is established? The dealers and experts of an auction house nominate commercial cost of a work of art proceeding from the following factors: * Reputation of the artist. It depends on that, how many time was exposed his(its) works, especially personally. It also depends on, whether the artist kritikami-iskusstvovedami was noticed which frequently organize exhibitions, and also kritikami, simply writing about works of art. Subsequently works of the artist can be bought by museums or known private(individual) collections, about it(him) the books can be written. Who buys "masterpieces"? Unfortunately, not all products buy only from love to art. Though by the majority of the collectors is primary dvighet interest to art the very expensive(dear) works frequently are got as a symbol, For an investment of the capital or on reasons of prestige. The prices on them frequently exceed opportunities of state museums, And only rich collectors or corporations can To afford their purchase. For example, " the Portrait of the doctor Gashe " was bought by the Japanese paper factory.

Pyat' Most expensive(dear) works of art sold on auction (till August 1991):
1. " A Portrait of the doctor Gashe " (Van Gog): 82,5 million dollars. May 15 1990
2. " In Mulen de la Galett " (Renuar): 78,1 million dollars. May 17 1990
3. " Engagement P'eretty " (Pikasso): 300 millions frankov. November 29 1989
4. "Irises" (Van Gog): 53,9 million dollars. November 11 1987
5. "Auto portrait" (Pikasso): 47,85 million dollars. May 9 1989

KOLLEKCIONERY

From the book " Modern art ", izd. "Amfora" 2001.

Any child loves to collect the marks. Having grown rich, the people are switched to works of art. The majority of the admirers of art gonyaetsya behind antiques, but if you already have satisfied passion by old o'clock and suvenirnym with dolls, can pay a look on pictures of the modern artists. The opportunities for search in this direction have increased recently extraordinary, and the prospect of fast enrichment looks rather seductively. Some American collectors hunt behind pictures, vedya absent-minded fire and avaricious for the low prices there are a lot of modern products in hope, that any of them shortly will rise in price. But more often collectors are careful to get the product, which has liked them, of the little-known artist and prefer to wait and to spend money for something already recommending itself and won positions in the market. Dream of any collector - to buy for the waste price a picture, which per one perfect day will bring to it(him) the whole condition. Something similar has taken place with pictures Walked: years twenty back they cost some thousand pounds, and now majority simple mortal can not even dream of them. The young artists expect such opportunity and try from the very beginning zapoluchit' for the masterpieces the maximal sum in account on psychology of the buyer, which feels, that has made valuable purchase, only in the event that it has put an appreciable loss to his(its) finance. All over the world largest collectors are the galleries. They create impressive stocks of works of art and continuously increase them. Is like tor- govcam, the owners of the large collections transfer them by right of succession to children, and thus there are powerful dynasties of the fans(amateurs) of art. The number of the collectors also grows, and art museums, in order to prevent unjustified risk, it is necessary only to hope for the donations after death of the artist. The proprietors of products died are usually his(its) widow and children. Them here begin obhaghivat' the representatives of various organizations requiring for updating of collections. All members of family become celebrities, and cost of works of art, which they own, as well as in a case with the real estate, from year to year grows together with their popularity. The artists rotate in a circle to themselves similar. They give each other pictures, exchange them or buy. When some interesting artists converge together, they can form the whole direction with the certain manner, that promotes increase of market cost of their products. One of the unsoluble contradictions zloschastnoy of destiny of the artist consists that at all his(its) aspiration otmeghevat'sya from banality of ordinary life and to keep originality it(he) is compelled for the sake of popularity to deal on advantage with plutokratami. If want to sell the work behind some thousand dollars, is useless to address to the ordinary people - It is necessary to search for societies(community) influential osob, constantly to support renome and to depend on whims of public and dealers. The collectors are guided by the most different motives - from sincere admiration of the artist up to aspiration to support it(him) out of pity. Each artist, naturally, is convinced, that in his(its) case first of these variants is possible(probable) only. But in due course people become more practical, and they are interested any more so much by(with) the artists, how many large collections. The basic stimulus, which dvighet by any serious collector knowing sense in art, - to hammer together a condition. Having achieved it, it(he) still gets pictures, understanding, that in a modern society(community) " the man is what it(he) owns ". On the other hand, who would not like, that it(him) considered(counted) as the aesthete, person uncommon and erudite? The true collectors leave the trace in a history of art as the pioneers punching a way to the talented artists, yet not recognized neither criticism, nor art museums. French mecenat Ghak Duse began very much early to buy up pictures of a Marriage(spoilage) and Pikasso. It(he) has got " Avin'onskih of the girl " Pikasso and urgently offered them to one of the Parisian museums. Having encountered on categorical failure(refusal), it(he) with the large regret has sold a picture in the united States, where she(it) Also hangs now in the New York Museum of modern art. When the picture nenadolgo has returned to Paris from one of exhibitions, it was considered(examined) as significant date in a history of national art. Does not prevent also to recollect Al'berta Barnsa, founder of a museum in city Merion near Philadelphia. It(he) was the doctor and defence counsel oppressed negrov. Having made friends with Matissom, it(he) has invited it(him) to decorate the large hall of his(its) gallery with a copy of famous "Dance". Barns literally has rescued Sutina from poverty, general neglect and depression, having bought tens his(its) pictures when nobody wished to get them. It has rendered directly - taki magic action on the Parisian dealers, which so abruptly have changed the opinion about Sutine, as if give new glasses. Many large collections finish by that are stored(kept) fallen down in zapasnikah any of a museum, and the name daritelya for ever remains connected with his(its) impressing gift. The collectors, which hold the art treasures of a house, also business are exposed to arrangements to transfer them to this or that museum. In France such donation releases(exempts) daritelya from the tax to the real estate. And generally people prefer to part with a picture, rather than with a thick pack assignaciy. The passion that does not bring material benefit, has limits. To leave for thin judge of art and mecenata, not having necessary for It by means, begin from engravings. Only behind some hundreds pounds you can become the owner Van Vel'de or Have given - a choice depends on your aesthetic taste and, certainly, is discussed with all in succession with deepest gravity and passion of the original connoisseur. If you will put on the artist, which already some centuries is recognized by(with) all world, precisely will not be mistaken.

O Great Russian mecenate Sergee Schukine

From the book " Daily life Monmartra in times Pikasso ", Ghan- Pol' Krespel', izd. " Young Guards " 2000

Sergey Schukin, mecenat, the Moscow merchant trading in wheat, was interested more in works Pikasso. In the private residence, former residence of princes Trubeckih, for fifteen years it(he) has collected an amazing collection, povergavshuyu in amazement Walked also of other Russian artists of avant guarde. Recollecting about it(him) in the memoirs, Fernanda Oliv'e describes it(him) as inconsistent, pale, otechnogo the man suffering strong zaikaniem. Besides Jew. All this rather far from true and once again proves, how a lot of lie is spoken even by(with) the witnesses close knowing Pikasso. In Schukine there was nothing repellent, it is enough to look at his(its) portrait of a brush Matissa, and it(he) at all was not the Jew, belonging to orthodox staroobryadcam. It(he) really stammered, but it is absolutely imperceptible if to trust Gertrude Stayn. Fanaticalally devoted to painting, Schukin at first has taken a great interest Matissom and has ordered to it(him) a panel for the private residence - "Dance" and "Music". This order executed in 1909, for the first time has lifted a rod of the price for vanguard work up to unprecedented before the sum - 25 thousand frankov. Dear did not pay even for pictures famous pomp'eristov. Per the same years Schukin has bought at Pikasso, for good money, his(its) product " of the pink period " and first kubistskie of a composition; " Lady from Majorca ", " a Portrait Sabartesa ", " Lady with a fan ", " the Queen Izabo ". It was necessary Kanveyleru to cable Schukinu, that at him(it) some pictures Pikasso have appeared, as that immediately sat in a sleeper. By 1917, when pala imperial authority, his(its) collection contained not less than fifty pictures Pikasso, forty - Matissa, let alone works Sezanna, Gogena, Van Goga. Being rescueed from revolution, it(he) has located in Paris. It(he) went on galleries, but was already absolutely without means and could not anything buy. Not thawing of any rage on the Soviet authority which has confiscated His(its) collections, it(he) spoke; " All the same I was going to bequeath all to a museum ". These two basic collections have divided Ermitagh in St. Petersburg and Museum of a name Pushkina in Moscow, due to such purchase considered by richest in the world by museums by quantity(amount) of cloths of the artists of avant guarde of the end 19 - beginnings of 20 century.

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